tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60870623028797789632024-03-19T03:31:57.120-07:00Instructor in TrainingDV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-55972451095256246442012-12-08T19:28:00.000-08:002012-12-08T19:28:33.347-08:00Analyzing Scope Creep<span style="font-family: Calibri;">My company was hired as part of a contract bid to conduct an
audit and network security assessment of a federal agency, which was part of an
audit of federal agencies at multiple sites across the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The project was initiated by the headquarters
for this particular agency (at Washington DC), but the work was to be conducted
at a number of local sites in Hawaii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
role was Project Technical Lead as well as the Lead Security Control Assessor for
federal government sites in Hawaii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><em>What specific scope
creep issues occurred?</em></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">During the initial kick-off meeting to discuss the audit of
the network, the local client stated that they were aware they had not implemented
a number of the required controls for their network and asked to make a change
to the scope in order to help them better understand the mandated federal
security control requirements for their network.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the project charter, the exclusion
statement specifically stated that controls identified as “Not Implemented, but
planned” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would be considered as “Not
Satisfied” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and would be validated, but
not assessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The client asked if we asked
if we could take the time to assess the controls to provide the client with
feedback on how to implement the control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wanting to assist the client (and
gain favor for future projects), we agreed to this change.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="color: #365f91; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><em>How did you or other
stakeholders deal with those issues at the time?</em></span> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As noted by Greer (2010), the project team followed some of
the steps for dealing with project scope changes, but not all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our project team did the following:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Made note of the specific change and discussed
it among the team</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Notified the government sponsor of the
change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sponsor neither agreed nor
disagreed with our decision to provide more assessment; however, they simply said
that they were not doing an assessment of these controls at other sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We indicated that if we didn’t provide
assessment for controls that were “Not implemented, but planned,” there wouldn’t
be much for us to assess since the site had not implemented the majority of the
required security controls for their network.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><em>Looking back on the
experience now, had you been in the position of managing the project, what
could you have done to better manage these issues and control the scope of the
project?<o:p></o:p></em></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What we failed to do was the remaining steps recommended by
Greer (2010), which was to update the project scope statement and overall plan
as well as obtain written approval. This was important because this change in
scope ended up adding too much time to a project that already had major time
constraints (it was a six week project that needed three to four months and/or
more personnel to conduct assessments).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We finished the project on-time, but all team members had to work long
hours to get it done.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Greer, M. (2010). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
project management minimalist: Just enough PM to rock your projects! </i>(laureate
custom ed.). Baltimore: Laureate Education, Inc.<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-85379479561346142772012-11-30T00:57:00.000-08:002012-11-30T00:57:08.352-08:00Estimating Costs and Allocating Resources
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
first site I found is a blog site for J.A. Kruger & Associates, Project
Management Consultants within the Engineering and Construction Industries
at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://blog.jak-associates.com/"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://blog.jak-associates.com</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The JAL & Associates blog site contains a
number of blog posts on project management, planning and consulting; however,
of particular interest was the blog entry on Estimating Planning Durations and
Resources (JAL & Associates, 2012). This blog post provides a very comprehensive
explanation on allocating resources and provides an excellent example of “work
content estimating” in terms of low-level and high-level tasks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While this site is for engineering and
construction, it provides a great example of the methodologies involved in
estimated task duration using norms.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
second site contains an excellent article on project management and resource
allocation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The article is posted on Peter
Kretzman’s blog at </span><a href="http://www.peterkretzman.com/2010/02/16/simple-more-practical-approaches-to-actual-resource-allocation"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.peterkretzman.com/2010/02/16/simple-more-practical-approaches-to-actual-resource-allocation</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
and contains an explanation of the resource allocation process, especially in
regards to multiple projects and why understanding this process is so key to successful
project management.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kretzman (2010)
provides a very practical, simplistic approach to resource allocation and gives
a brief overview of a number of allocation tools along with their pros and cons
of each.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
third site contains an article that focuses on how to avoid resource allocation
issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thought the article (on Tech
Republic’s website at </span><a href="http://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-keys-to-resource-allocation/5031746"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-keys-to-resource-allocation/5031746</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)
was posted in 2003 it is still relevant today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fitzgerald (2003) discusses some of the issues found with overreliance
on scheduling tools and provides and excellent explanation on the difference
between <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">overcommitment and
overallocation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fitzgerald (2003)</span><span lang="EN"> </span>goes on to provide suggestions how to avoid both of these
issues when allocating resources for a project.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ref:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fitzgerald, D. (2003, April 21). <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">The keys to resource allocation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tech
Republic.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from </span></span><a href="http://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-keys-to-resource-allocation/5031746"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-keys-to-resource-allocation/5031746</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">JAL & Associates (2012, February 5). Estimating Planning
Durations and Resources. [Blog message].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Retrieved from </span><a href="http://blog.jak-associates.com/project-management-2/estimating-planning-durations-and-resources"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://blog.jak-associates.com/project-management-2/estimating-planning-durations-and-resources</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kretzman, P. (2010). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simple,
more practical approaches to actual resource allocation. [Blog message].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from </span><a href="http://www.peterkretzman.com/2010/02/16/simple-more-practical-approaches-to-actual-resource-allocation"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.peterkretzman.com/2010/02/16/simple-more-practical-approaches-to-actual-resource-allocation</span></a></div>
DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-16754616686076237752012-11-16T20:38:00.000-08:002012-11-16T20:38:04.266-08:00Communicating Effectively<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: #f1c232; font-size: small;">"The Art of Effective Communication."</span> </span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>After I
reviewed each message, I thought very little changed from each modality to the
next.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thought the Email was well
written, professional, and indicated a sense of urgency without being “pushy”
or rude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The voice mail and the
face-to-face did little to change how I perceived the message, though I did
feel that the voice mail sounded slightly more urgent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without knowing the personalities, it’s difficult
to determine if the face-to-face speaker speaks in a more relaxed tone than the
person who left the voice mail (it sounded like two different voices to me); however,
people who leave voice mails may also tend to speak faster because they want to
leave a message before the end of the “beep,” which may make them sound like the
message is more urgent than it actually is.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There
are both positives and negatives to sending Emails.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By sending an Email, a person can take his or
her time to carefully draft a message and think about what they want to say
before they “hit send;” however, in an office environment, many people do not
take the time to do this and they may “hit send” before they have even proofread
their message.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other negative is
that your “tone” is not conveyed when you send an Email so you have no idea how
the other person is going to react.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
the face-to-face meeting, I would surmise that Jane was being somewhat cautious
when approaching Mark as she really needed information from him, but was
concerned that her request might upset him since he had been busy in an all day
meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I felt that the Email was
appropriate and professional, others may feel that an Email would not convey
the right tone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this case, Jane was
cautious and almost apologetic in her asking for the report, but I also felt
that she spoke much slower than the person on the phone so that could also be
her normal tone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Either way, a
face-to-face allows us to read non-verbal cues that an Email cannot provide.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ref:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Art of Effective Communication.</i><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> [Video] United States: Laureate Education, Inc.
Retrieved from </span></span><a href="http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/EDUC/6145/03/mm/aoc/index.html"><span style="color: #645246; font-family: Calibri;">http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/EDUC/6145/03/mm/aoc/index.html</span></a></div>
DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-82042180774447495202012-11-09T00:46:00.000-08:002012-11-09T00:46:00.183-08:00Learning from a Project “Post-mortem”<h2>
Security Audit of a Government Agency</h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">My company was hired as part of a contract bid to conduct an
audit and network security assessment of a federal agency at multiple sites
across the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The project was
initiated by the headquarters for this particular agency (at Washington DC),
but the work was to be conducted at the various local sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My role was Project Technical Lead as well as
the Lead Security Control Assessor for federal government sites in Hawaii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working with my project team, we met all the
required deliverables with just a slight slippage in the delivery date; however,
it was a very difficult project with multiple stakeholders and issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="color: #ffe599; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Processes, project artifacts and activities that contributed to the success
of this project:</span><br />
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">From <i><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The project management minimalist: Just enough
PM to rock your projects!</span></i> (Greer, 2010)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Step 2: Get your team together and start the project (p 10).</i></b>
Processes from this step that contributed to the success of his project
included putting together a project kick off meeting with the customer (local
stakeholders) which (1) introduced team members and their roles and
responsibilities, (2) defined objectives, (3) defined the project scope, (4)
defined deliverables, (5) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>identified
risks and assumptions <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and (6) provided a
proposed schedule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The initial face-to-face
meeting went well and presented the customer with the requirements, while
allowing the local customer/stakeholder to have input on the project, such as
the schedule and scope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Step 4: Figure out what you need to do to complete the work products.
(Identify tasks and phases.)</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(p.
17). </b></i>Processes from this step that contributed to the success of his
project included<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>reviewing the
initial list of deliverables and identifying the specific tasks that needed to
be accomplished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These were identified
and tracked online where the overall PM could track the progress.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Step 5: Estimate time, effort, and resources (p. 20)</i>.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Processes from this step that contributed to
the success of his project included assembling the core team and obtaining
additional resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, a
penetration test of the network was required as a deliverable and no one on the
team had the skills to perform this skill so a new team member was hired.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Team
members met regularly to discuss the level of effort and resources required to
complete the various tasks.</span></div>
<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Processes, project artifacts and activities that were not included that
could have made the project more successful:</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From <span class="heading2"><i><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Project management: Planning,
scheduling, and controlling projects</span></i></span><span class="heading2"><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">. (Portny,
et. al., 2008)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Not involving all key project
stakeholders (p. 106) and Lack of commitment by all team members to the project’s
success (p. 108).</i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While this
project was part of a multi-site project, the PM and customer rep/stakeholder
did not obtain approval/buy-in from the local customer/stakeholders resulting
in resentment towards the project team and their efforts to complete the
project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Obtaining information from some of these
stakeholders became very difficult throughout the project.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Not identifying and sharing key project assumptions (p. 107).</i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Members of teams working the project at other
sites had information about the project, but were hesitant or late in sharing
the information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, our
customer asked us to modify the standard assumptions so that the team could
provide the customer with better feedback in areas where they were weak or
needed to improve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other sites did not
follow this guidance; however, had we followed the project assumption as
written, the project would have been a complete disaster as the majority of the
items to evaluate would have been “skipped” because the site was not ready for
the review.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Greer. M. (2010). <span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em>The project management minimalist: Just enough PM to rock your projects! </em>(laureate custom ed.). Baltimore: Laureate Education, Inc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Portny,
S. E., Mantel, S. J., Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Sutton, M. M., & Kramer,
B. E. (2008). <i>Project management: Planning, scheduling, and controlling
projects</i>. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
</div>
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DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-46357938024466391642012-11-04T19:17:00.002-08:002012-11-04T19:17:28.340-08:00Welcome EDUC 6145 StudentsWelcome EDUC 6145 Students!<br />
<br />
I was trying to set up multiple pages, but all new posts always post back to the original page so I'm back to displaying just one page. If anyone knows how to get new posts to go to the second page, let me know!DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-10728736484185958192012-08-19T21:52:00.001-07:002012-08-19T21:59:43.399-07:00Distance Learning Course Reflection<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> Distance
learning has changed dramatically over the last two decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2001, when I began my first online class
as an undergrad student with the University of Phoenix, very few universities
offered online courses, which made the UoP very unique in that it offered
entire programs online.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While distance
learning may have been a fairly new concept in 2001, in 2012, distance learning
has taken on a whole new meaning that has expanded beyond universities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As corporations have also begun to develop
training programs using online education, instructional designers have had to
adapt to new learning pedagogies, which in turn, required a change in how
learning modules were developed and implemented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moller, Foshay, & Huett (2008) provided sound
advice when they expressed a need for corporations to evaluate quality, a
return on investment and the need for better instructional systems design among
other concerns for the evolution of the field of the instructional designer.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> This course
allowed me to explore a number of different elements that instructional designers
need to know to develop distance learning modules and explore the differences
between learning in a traditional face-to-face classroom environment and in an
online environment. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These past few weeks
have given me new insight to course development and distance learning.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><a name='more'></a></span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Knowledge Gained</b><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> As a long time student of distance education, I was
already familiar with most of the features of online learning, but I had not given
much thought to the development of online courses, especially in how they
differ from traditional, face-to-face courses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek
(2012) note that oftentimes the audience or the learner is only considered at
the end of the process, after the technology, content and organizational
structure of the course is worked out; however, keeping the learner in mind
is a critical element in developing a distance course, regardless if the
course is for a university or for a corporation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Far too often, developers become too wrapped
up in the technology, content and even the layout and forget about the real
purpose or objectives!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is where
the ADDIE model can help to keep developers focused and on task.</span><br />
<br />
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> Another area where I gained knowledge was about course
development itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Storyboarding and
layout plays a big part in the development of a course management system
(CMS) as this not only has to make logical sense to the developer and
programmer, but also to the student who will be access the course online.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
noted by Dettmar (2009, para. 2), “Distance education courses are usually
taught via one of three ways: online web conferences (webinars), course
management systems (CMS, such as Moodle or Blackboard) or alternative formats
such as a class blog with lessons posted as individual entries.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being
able to explore a CMS and compare and contrast the various applications
provided me with new information I had not previously explored; however, I
learned even more by being able to actually develop and modify a training CMS
as part of a classroom project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Knowledge Use - Current and Future Use</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">While course development is not part of my current job
duties, I do plan on using these skills shortly after I obtain my degree (as
a part-time university instructor before pursuing other long-term
goals).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I frequently hear of
opportunities where the skills of an instructional designer are needed and I
continue to learn new skills that will assist me with course development
work.</span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although I was
not surprised by most of the responses from our student surveys, I was
somewhat disappointed that many people still feel that online education does
not match the quality of traditional education, especially since I do not
want my own education to be “undervalued.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like most educational programs, I feel that you only get out of a
program as much effort as you are willing to put into it and I also feel that
I am one of those “self-directing individuals” that Malcolm Knowles (Simonson,
Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012) was referring to when he developed
his adult adragogy theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope that
as new students take online courses, the concerns about the quality of online
education becomes less and less of an issue; however, instructional designers
need to ensure that quality keeps pace with the demand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<div class="APALevel1" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> <u>References:</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Dettmar, N. (2009). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Distance
learning: Tips for successful professional students. </i>National Network of
Libraries of Medicine, Pacific Northwest Region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from </span><a href="http://nnlm.gov/pnr/dragonfly/2009/08/03/successfulstudents/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">http://nnlm.gov/pnr/dragonfly/2009/08/03/successfulstudents/</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Moller, L.,
Foshay, W., & Huett, J. (2008). The evolution of distance education:
Implications for instructional design on the potential of the web (Part 2:
Higher education). TechTrends, 52(4), 66-70.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Simonson, M.,
Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2012). <i>Teaching and learning
at a distance: Foundations of distance education</i> (5th ed.) Boston, MA:
Pearson</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">
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DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-67517542385059278192012-08-12T23:10:00.001-07:002012-08-19T21:54:11.965-07:00Converting to a Distance Learning Format<br />
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><em>Consider the following scenario</em>: A
training manager has been frustrated with the quality of communication among
trainees in his face-to-face training sessions and wants to try something new.
With his supervisor’s permission, the trainer plans to convert all current
training modules to a blended learning format, which would provide trainees and
trainers the opportunity to interact with each other and learn the material in
both a face-to-face and online environment. In addition, he is considering
putting all of his training materials on a server so that the trainees have
access to resources and assignments at all times. This is my "Pre-planning Strategy Guide" for converting to a distance/hybrid learning environment.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Issue<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(155, 187, 89); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" width="198"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Specific Issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(155, 187, 89); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Pre-Planning
Strategies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background: rgb(155, 187, 89); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Instructor/ID<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Follow-up Action<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Students may not have online experience (Simonson,
Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Student apprehensive about change in program<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Make the
requirements clear (Simonson, et al.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Consider needs of
students based on background (Simonson, et al.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Keep students
informed and provide constant feedback (Simonson, et., al.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Have students
participate in surveys and focus groups<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Course
Development<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Time consuming<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Requires multi-stage process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Create a storyboard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Create a site map<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Identify course assets (e. g. graphics, videos,
documents, etc.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Identify potential course software (such as a CMS, LMS,
Wiki, or HTML)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Identify the potential sections<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Plan for testing</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(Laureate, Inc, Producera)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Instructor should
work with ID to ensure course development stays on track<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Technology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Technology may not be available (Laureate, Inc. , Producerb</span><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Students may not know how to use it/may not have access
to the technology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Review course
requirements against tech requirements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Develop technology
training instructions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Identify tech
support (who will provide, who to call, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Train students to
use the course website<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Simonson, et.,
al.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Technology should
be tested before implementation</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Course
Activities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Craft” approach
is not effective online (Moller, Foshay, & Huett , 2008)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Different activities are required from face-to-face
instruction (Simonson, et al., 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Develop activities
specific to online instruction or course management purposes (Simonson, et
al., 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Instructors/IDs
should ensure that all course activities support course objectives</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Support
Materials<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Course materials need to be converted to an online
format<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Internet sources should be included (Integrate the use
of Web 2.0 technologies) (Simonson, et al., 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Ensure all
materials are able to be converted to electronic format (prefer that
materials are searchable)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Include web
additional resources<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Do a quality
control check of all support materials<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Do a periodic check
on all external links to ensure they are still valid before, during and after
course implementation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Collaboration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Selection of collaboration tools (must work with
technology)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Rules of engagement for discussion posts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Identify
collaboration tools and provide instructions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Weekly discussion
questions should be planned as part of course content <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Carefully guide the
students during the collaboration process<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to ensure all students participate and understand their requirements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Policies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 17.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Attendance and other policies need to be modified for
distance learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Review existing
policies and draft new policies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(such
as minimum computer standards) to meet distance learning requirements <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Ensure students are
aware of all new policies and the consequences of violating those policies <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.5pt;" valign="top" width="198"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 8.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Ensure new
online/hybrid program meets course requirements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Consider including
Kirkpatrick’s four level evaluation approach<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to measure the overall effectiveness of the program<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Simonson, et al., 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 9.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Constantly
reevaluate the program and adjust as necessary<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Laureate Education, Inc. (Producera). Developing Online
Courses [Video] United States: Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_1341074_1%26url%3D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Laureate Education, Inc. (Producerb). Planning and designing
online courses. [Video] United States: Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_1341074_1%26url%3D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Moller, L., Foshay, W., & Huett, J. (2008). The
evolution of distance education: Implications for instructional design on the
potential of the web (Part 2: Higher education). TechTrends, 52(4), 66-70.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S.
(2012). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education
(5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson</span></div>
DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-46619541554093705892012-07-29T22:40:00.000-07:002012-08-19T21:53:54.597-07:00The Impact of Open Source<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">For my review of Cpen Course websites, I chose to review
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OpenCourseware<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(OCW).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to the MIT OCW website, MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) is a
web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content. OCW is open and
available to the world and is a permanent MIT activity.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I reviewed the site’s “online tour” (at
<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/help/get-started-with-ocw/">http://ocw.mit.edu/help/get-started-with-ocw/</a>) which described the course
content and explored a number of the courses themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the format has been modified for
distance learning, the available courses have all previously been taught at MIT
and were not pre-planned or designed for online learning.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Because the courses were first taught in the classroom,
they were not designed for distance learning and do not follow many of the
recommendations for online learning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
example, the course do not have instructor support, nor do they have any
guidance on how to succeed as a distance learner and students complete the
course on their own without a scheduled timeline; however, there are many
benefits to this program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example,
MIT did build in study groups for most of their courses, which allows students
to help each other in the same way that a certified distance learning class
does with discussion groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><a name='more'></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">In discussing the various components of a course
management system (CMS), Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek (2012)
state that most CMSs provide the same basic set of components such as required
readings, content presentation, course communication, group project space,
student assessments, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the MIT
OCW doesn’t have student assessment tools, course communication and group
project space, it does provide many CMS features such as course content,
syllabus, references, software and downloads, which are all easily accessible
from the main page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some courses have
the actual course lectures (as a downloadable webcast), while others have the actual
course test as well as the answers to allow students to complete quizzes and
check their answers after they complete the quiz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All of the courses have a course key which
shows what is included with the course, such as multimedia files, study groups,
tests, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For some courses, you may
have to purchase a textbook, but the course provides a URL link (for example, a
link to purchase the book on Amazon).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Overall, I was extremely impressed with what is available for a
completely free course site. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">References:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">MIT (2012). MITOPENCOURSEWARE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> S</span>imonson,
M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2012). Teaching and learning
at a distance: Foundations of distance education (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson<o:p></o:p></span><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></span></span>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-4084020065873526782012-07-15T18:32:00.000-07:002012-07-15T18:32:30.676-07:00Selecting Distance Learning Technologies<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><h2 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Interactive Museum Tour</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">For my
distance learning example, I chose example two, the interactive museum
tour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many organizations, to include museums,
subscribe to one or more social media sharing sites, such as Facebook or Twitter.
These sites allow users to “follow” the site and post comments about the
site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Museums will also want to share
photographs, presentations and other information about the museum’s artifacts
and may choose to do so through the use of a media sharing site such as Flickr
or YouTube (Laureate Inc., 2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
order to create a group critique about the art exhibit, the instructor should consider
creating a blog (Laureate Inc., 2012) and have the students log in and post
their critique about the art or if the museum already has an art exhibit blog, the
instructor could work with the students to submit a group blog entry on the
museum’s blog site.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The museum may also offer
podcasts (Laureate Inc., 2012) about various exhibits so the instructor should
make sure that her students are familiar with podcast technology and look for
podcasts for the students to download and view, if applicable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The museum may or may not offer virtual tours;
however, the instructor could work with the curator to use some type of
discussion technology (Laureate Inc., 2012) to develop a webinar or chat
session<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to allow the students an
opportunity to ask questions of the curator in real time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The Smithsonian offers a wide
variety of technologies for distance learners to connect and explore the museum
on their website.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On their “ways to
connect page” (Smithsonian, 2012), the Smithsonian offers users the following
web 2.0 technologies: Blogs, Facebook, Flickr, Mobile, Pinterest, Podcasts,
Twitter, YouTube, and Virtual World.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pinterest
is an online “pinboard” that allows users to share pictures, videos and other
interests (Pinterest, n.d.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Smithsonian’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Virtual World offers a
program called the Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum, which is a </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">an
avatar-based 3-D virtual world featuring learning activities <span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">based on bilingual mixed media experiences created to increase
visitors knowledge, understanding and appreciation of Latino Cultural Heritage
through innovative and engaging online experiences (Smithsonian, 2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This technology was developed by the VITAL
Lab, a research and development facility at the Ohio University in Athens, Ohio
(VITAL Lab, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Laureate,
Inc. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Producer). (2012). <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
technology of distance education</span></em>. [Web Video]. Retrieved from </span><a href="https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_1341074_1%26url%3D"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_1341074_1%26url%3D</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Pinterest.
(n.d.) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pinterest.</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from http://pinterest.com/<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Smithsonian. (2012 February 2).
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Connect with the Smithsonian.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from </span><a href="http://www.si.edu/Connect"><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">http://www.si.edu/Connect</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">VITAL Lab. (2011). </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Virtual immersive technologies and arts for learning
laboratory.</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="border: 1pt windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from <a href="http://vital.cs.ohiou.edu/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://vital.cs.ohiou.edu/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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</span>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-39280792700413883122012-07-01T22:42:00.000-07:002012-07-02T03:05:37.672-07:00Distance Learning Map<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3v61XftiORjkF_J4J5kgCiNVVFYgzoEqrcwx8Kn4XXv75-XcfwCOlRlclLu4R2yHxYWcEdB-GsrBhBdL1l5h868Ud4BePCkRkeYalTfXt_8XhZpll2GNTJQVKBGPM6n0yG71q7BQoyg2/s1600/Distance+Learning+Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3v61XftiORjkF_J4J5kgCiNVVFYgzoEqrcwx8Kn4XXv75-XcfwCOlRlclLu4R2yHxYWcEdB-GsrBhBdL1l5h868Ud4BePCkRkeYalTfXt_8XhZpll2GNTJQVKBGPM6n0yG71q7BQoyg2/s400/Distance+Learning+Map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-10610997858944207002012-07-01T22:38:00.000-07:002012-07-02T15:04:32.715-07:00Defining Distance Learning<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When I
first enrolled as a community college of the Air Force (CCAF) student, the only
distance learning programs were correspondence courses, though the academic
advisors never mentioned this as an option to military students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I enrolled, I was on active duty with
the Air Force in the early 80s and was encouraged to take CLEP and DANTES tests
for college credit; however, because I was in a mobile unit that was subject to
short notice temporary assignments worldwide, I was discouraged by my unit from
taking college courses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During my second
duty assignment (which was in Italy), I was only able to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attend a few college courses (on base) as I
worked rotating shifts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moller, Foshay,
& Huett (2008) stated that the primary driving forces of distance education
are economics and access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I may or may not have been able to
attend distance education classes while assigned to a mobile unit, I definitely
would have been able to attend more classes during my second assignment in
Italy, had the technology been available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because I often worked shift work during my early years in the military,
I often found it challenging to find the courses I needed, much less find the
time to complete the course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As part
of our military training, we were also expected to complete additional job
training that was either occupational or leadership and management
training.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of these courses were in
the form of correspondence type training.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Later, this training moved to computer based training on CDs and later
moved to web based training with some interactivity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While some of the training that is available
on the web is poorly developed (because it was reactionary training that was quickly
released to try and resolve a problem), I did research and find that the Air
Force has very specific guidelines for following instructional system design,
such as is outlined in the Air Force manual for Instructional System
Development (AFMAN 36-2234, 1993); however, like their university counterparts,
the Air Force may be following the craft approach where “…an individual teacher
fully designs and develops the course and the related materials based on what
has worked for him or her in the traditional classroom and puts it on the web (Moore
& Kearsley, 1996)” (Moller, Foshay, & Huett, 2008, p. 67) so the
military’s distance learning programs may suffer until they revise their
training models.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When I
finally obtained my CCAF degree (about 14 years after I first enrolled), I
decided didn't want to wait another 14 years to obtain my bachelor’s and enrolled with
the University of Phoenix (since I had about 3 and a half years until retirement
from the military).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I enrolled with the
local campus in Hawaii, and I really liked the fact that the courses were only
5 weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I didn’t realize was that in
order for UoP to keep up the fast pace, they required the students to complete
a great deal of group work, which meant a lot of face-to-face meetings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After 5 weeks, I hated the program and was
ready to quit so my counselor suggested online.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She said she thought the level of students would be more professional so
my introduction to distance learning or eLearning officially began in 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since that time, I have used eLearning in
other aspects of my career such as annual security training and webinars (used in corporate training) and professional and technical courses used to further my career.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Simonson,
Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, (2012) note that adult learners are primarily
interested in getting only what they need from the learning situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would agree with this statement as it took me awhile
to decide to go back to school to obtain a master’s degree and I only did so
when I found a degree that I really wanted to pursue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once again, I chose an online degree program
because of the convenience of being online, my expectations for the
professionalism of the students and the ability of the course to meet my needs
as a student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So far, I would say that
this program (the MSID&T at Walden) has met those needs. </span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AFMAN 36-2234 (1993, November 1). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Instructional system development.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Washington D.C.: The Air Force Departmental Publishing Office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from: <a href="http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFMAN36-2234.pdf">http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFMAN36-2234.pdf</a></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Moller, L., Foshay, W., & Huett, J. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The evolution of distance education:
Implications for instructional design on the potential of the web</i> (Part 1:
Training and development). TechTrends, 52(3), 70–75.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Moller, L., Foshay, W., & Huett, J. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The evolution of distance education:
Implications for instructional design on the potential of the web</i> (Part 2:
Higher education). TechTrends, 52(4), 66-70.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S.
(2012).<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Teaching and learning at a
distance: Foundations of distance education</i> (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson</span>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-60919013696675754572011-06-21T13:40:00.000-07:002012-07-29T22:34:32.299-07:00Reflection Blog “Fitting the Pieces Together”<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After reviewing all of the learning theories over the past seven weeks, I have definitely gained a much deeper understanding of how a learner acquires and retains knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By reading, researching, discussing, analyzing, applying and evaluating the various learning theories over the past several weeks, I have gained a new perspective on learning that I didn’t have when I started this class.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the class resources, instructor input and student interactions, I have discovered that this newfound knowledge is in my “zone of proximal development,” which, as noted by Dr. Ormrod, is Vygotsky's theory that states<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “…for any learner is this range of activities that are difficult but not impossible and which you can do if you have a little bit of help” (Laureate, Inc.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">For each of the theories, I can see where this knowledge is useful to me both as a learner, and as an instructional designer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following is a description of how I use each theory to learn: </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Behaviorist Theory</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> – We all use this theory to gain basic knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As mentioned by </span>Ertmer & Newby (1993), this theory describes how we develop habits that result in our being<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> able to generalize similar facts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The military and the Information Technology (IT) profession has hundreds (if not thousands) of acronyms for terminology, e.g. DoD (Department of Defense), TDY (temporary duty), IA (Information Assurance), CDROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I believe most people use a number of acronyms in their every-day language, it seems that half of my work conversations are made up of acronyms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over time, I have forgotten what some of these acronyms symbolize since I rarely use the actual words the acronym represents in my everyday language.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I forget what the acronym stands for, I can use the Internet (or other electronic sources, such as an online military document) to look up the meaning.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cognitive Theory</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> – This theory is required for all higher processing functions, such as reasoning, problem-solving and information processing (as noted by </span>Ertmer & Newby, 1993)<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we acquire new information, we have to </span>structure and encode meaning against our existing information to allow us to retain and use this information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cognitive processing is required in all but the simplest of tasks in the IT industry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For my work, I am required to conduct risk assessments for a network.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This complex task involves (among other tasks), scanning a system for vulnerabilities and providing a risk assessment based on those results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To do this, I need to first learn how a network functions, acquire knowledge on potential network security threats, learn about system and network vulnerabilities and then draw upon that knowledge to conduct an evaluation against requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I may complete an online course using virtual software (such as VMware©, 2011) or use the Internet (and other electronic sources) to gain the knowledge I need to conduct assessments.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Constructivist Theory</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> - <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span>According to Ertmer & Newby (1993), an individual creates meaning from his or her own experiences and gains knowledge from the interpretation of that experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Learning focuses on primary concepts not isolated facts (On Purpose Associates, 2011).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my work environment, I use constructivism every day as I gain knowledge from my daily experiences; however, I also gain knowledge from my experience outside work as well. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gardening, household projects and other daily activities all present opportunities to construct meaning from the experience.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Social Learning Theory</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> – Before this class, I had not really thought of how much knowledge we gain from social settings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can see where children really use the social concept of modeling (Boeree, 2006) to gain knowledge (although this doesn’t apply just to children).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remember my son having trouble with potty training.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wasn’t really consistent about using the toilet until he started emulating or modeling his best friend, who was potty trained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As stated by Beaumie Kim (2001), “Social constructivism emphasizes the importance of culture and context.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In learning a language, it is much easier to gain understanding of that language if you are part of the cultural.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I am not proficient in Japanese by any means, I have a somewhat better understanding of how to use and properly pronounce Japanese words because I use to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>live in that country.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Connectivism</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> – this was a new concept to me, but one I immediately understood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As noted by </span>knowledge Davis, Edmunds, & Kelly-Bateman (2008), learning is a continual process of connecting current knowledge and learners must distinguish between relevant and non-relevant information to obtain knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using connectivism is critical in IT field as new information is released on a daily basis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Connectivism involves seeking multiple sources of knowledge and continually refreshing that knowledge to ensure information is current.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, DoD information systems must be compliant with National, Federal and DoD regulations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Systems must not only have industry security patches installed, they must also be configured to meet the current National, Federal and DoD security standards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I use the Internet, online databases or other electronic sources of information to gain knowledge about current standards on a frequent basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Adult Learning</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> - Kathleen Cercone (2008) quoted Frey & Alman (2003) who stated that "There is not one adult learning theory that successfully applies to all adult learning environments."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I now see how as an adult learner, I use multiple learning theories and strategies within those theories to gain knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill Kerr (2007) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>summed up his blog entry on learning theory and the various “_isms” (constructivism, behaviorism, cognitivism and connectivism) by stating that “It seems to me that each _ism is offering something useful without any of them being complete or stand alone in their own right.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I agree with this statement as well as Karl Kapp’s follow-up to Kerr’s blog where he states that “</span>What we need to is take the best from each philosophy and use it wisely to create solid educational experiences for our learners.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Essentially <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">learning requires multi layers using different theories to be effective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an IT professional and a</span>n instructional designer, I will need to apply all these learning theories to ensure the most effective learning outcome for me and for my students. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References:</span></u></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
Boeree, C.G. (2006). Albert Bandura.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from <a href="http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html">http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html</a></div>
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Cercone, K. (2008). Characteristics of adult learners with implications for online learning design. <i>AACE Journal, 16</i>(2), 137–159. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.editlib.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Reader.ViewAbstract&paper_id=24286" target="new">http://www.editlib.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Reader.ViewAbstract&paper_id=24286</a></div>
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Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50–71.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;"></span></div>
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Kim, B. (2001). Social constructivism. In M. Orey (Ed.), <i>Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology.</i> Retrieved from <a href="http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Social_Constructivism" target="new">http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Social_Constructivism</a></div>
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Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). Theory of Social Cognitive Development: An interview with Dr. Jeanne Ormrod [Video] [Transcript]. United States: Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from Transcript: http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/courses/59896/CRS-CW-5089749/Transcripts/EDUC6115_04_Transcript.doc</div>
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On Purpose Associates. (2011) Constructivism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved from the Funderstanding website:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism">http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism</a> <a href="http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism"></a></div>
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Ormrod, J., Schunk, D., & Gredler, M. (2009). <i>Learning theories and instruction</i> (Laureate custom edition). New York: Pearson</div>
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VMware ©, Inc. (2011). Virtualization for Education. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.vmware.com/solutions/education/index.html">http://www.vmware.com/solutions/education/index.html</a><br />
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</span>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-56981824260470957602011-06-06T01:09:00.000-07:002012-06-29T14:22:09.393-07:00Connectivism -- Dawn's Learning Network Map<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">For a larger view:</span> </span><a href="http://www.webspirationpro.com/view/950924a3c8d"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.webspirationpro.com/view/950924a3c8d</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> .</span></div>
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As a network security analyst/engineer, my job requires a great deal of research to ensure the organization’s network is in compliance with the most current security requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This research requires me to review numerous federal, national, DoD, and military documents (online) as well as researching commercial sites for industry best practices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In putting together this learning map, I found that the research methodology I use for my job and for school is very similar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"> In this map, I demonstrated how I research and gain information from multiple sources to construct meaning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For my professional knowledge, I rely heavily on websites that contain databases and documentation; however, my social network of professionals (whom I usually keep in contact with via Email) provides me with a critical source of information as well. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Although I do use </span>Facebook for socializing with friends, family and co-workers, I usually do not use it for posting professional information due to the sensitive nature of my work; however, I could use Facebook to seek professional advice from my contacts using Facebook Email.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My education network is fairly new; however, I am learning new ways to connect to others to gain and construct information (such as through the use of blogs).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> As demonstrated in my mind map, all of my network connections allow me to cross-reference information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Siemens, “connectivism is driven by the understanding that decisions are based on rapidly altering foundations. New information is continually being acquired and the ability to draw distinctions between important and unimportant information is vital. Also critical is the ability to recognize when new information alters the landscape based on decisions made yesterday” (Siemens, 2005 as quoted by Davis and Kelly-Bateman, 2008). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ability to recognize new information and distinguish what is important from the unimportant is very critical as an IT professional and as an instructional design student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> As new technology develops, I will need to continue to incorporate it as part of my learning network to ensure I make informed decisions based on the most current information.</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">Retrieved from web article: Davis, C., Edmunds, E., & Kelly-Bateman, V. (2008). Connectivism. In M. Orey (Ed.), <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology.</span></em> Retrieved from <a href="http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Connectivism" target="new">http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Connectivism</a></span></div>
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</div>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-77381473795008654882011-05-20T14:56:00.000-07:002011-05-20T14:56:41.952-07:00How Failure Makes Us StrongerFor the past couple of weeks, we have been discussing the brain and learning and I came across a related article from Reader's digest (Kita, 2009) that I found interesting. The original magazine article was called <em>How to Bounce Back from Anything</em> and <em>5 Winners Teach Us How to Learn From Failure.</em> While the story about how five people overcame failure is interesting, what caught my attention was the sub-article about how the brain works when we encounter failure. The sub-article <em>How Failure Makes Us Stronger, </em><a href="http://www.rd.com/money/how-failure-makes-us-stronger/">http://www.rd.com/money/how-failure-makes-us-stronger/</a> (Kita, 2009) discusses a Stanford University study about two areas of the prefrontal cortex that are affected during the decision-making process.<br />
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On another interesting note, the article also contains a sub-article entitled <em>How to Make Up Your Mind to Succeed, </em><a href="http://www.rd.com/money/how-to-make-up-your-mind-to-succeed/">http://www.rd.com/money/how-to-make-up-your-mind-to-succeed/</a>. This article contains some great tips for motivating kids as well as adults.<br />
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Kita, J. (2009, May). 5 Winners Teach Us How to Learn From Failure. <em> Reader's Disgest.</em> Retrieved from:<em> <a href="http://www.rd.com/money/5-winners-teach-us-how-to-learn-from-failure/">http://www.rd.com/money/5-winners-teach-us-how-to-learn-from-failure/</a></em>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-40683031202863054742011-05-16T05:07:00.000-07:002011-05-16T05:07:33.097-07:00Brain, learning and sleep deprivation<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">During my research on the brain and learning, I found two great articles on how sleep deprivation affects the brain’s ability to retain information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As adults, we understand the value of sleep for our children, but often do not follow the same rules for ourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As adult learners, we should be aware of how sleep deprivation affects our ability to retain information.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">As noted by Yasmin Anwar (2010) “New research from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that an hour’s nap can dramatically boost and restore your brain power.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In tests conducted at the university, adult testers were placed into two categories: nap and no-nap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The testers were subjected to “…a rigorous learning task intended to tax the hippocampus…” (Anwar, 2010), which is “…intimately involved in attention and learning…” (Ormrod, Schunk, & Gredler, 2009) as we learned from reading about the brain this week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those individuals in the nap group took a 90-minute nap in the afternoon, while the non-nap group stayed awake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later in the day, both groups were tested again and those who napped, not only did better than the group who did not nap, but actually showed improvement in their capacity to learn (see Figure 1 below).</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> <div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0in; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: 0%; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Figure 1 - Students who napped (green column) did markedly better in memorizing tests than their no-nap counterparts. (Courtesy of Matthew Walker) (Anwar, 2010)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: 0%; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The UC Berkley study showed that sleep is needed to clear short-term memory and actually compared the results to a Email inbox that can no longer receive Email until it is cleared (Anwar, 2010).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In another study by the <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Washington University School of Medicine (2009), </span>scientists studied fruit flies to show the affects of sleep deprivation and how sleep may be the key to removing unused synapses in order to make room for new synapses, which is “…one key way the brain encodes memories and learning…” (2009). While science has recognized the need for sleep in the learning process, the scientists in the study also “…revealed that learning increases the need for sleep in the fruit fly.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From studies like these, I think we can conclude that as adult learners working towards a degree, we should be more aware of how sleep and sleep deprivation can directly affect our ability to absorb and process new information!</span></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">References</span></u></div></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Anwar, Y. (2010, February 22) An afternoon nap markedly boosts the brain’s learning capacity. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">UC Berkeley Newscenter.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Retrieved from <a href="http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2010/02/22/naps_boost_learning_capacity/">http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2010/02/22/naps_boost_learning_capacity/</a></span></div></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Ormrod, J., Schunk, D., & Gredler, M. (2009). Learning theories and instruction (Laureate custom edition). New York: Pearson<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div></span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Washington University School of Medicine (2009, April 3). Sleep May Help Clear Brain For New Learning. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ScienceDaily.</i> Retrieved from </span><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143503.htm"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143503.htm</span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
</div>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-7497067229243715222011-05-09T03:50:00.000-07:002011-05-09T03:50:13.771-07:00Instructional Design Blogs<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ok class, here are three great instructional design blogs I found.</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Instructional Design Open Studio – </span><a href="http://id.ome.ksu.edu/blog/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://id.ome.ksu.edu/blog/</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">This blog has a large number of blog topics all related to instructional design and technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are 36 different blog topics to choose from to include a separate section for “roundtable” discussion blogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is definitely a wealth of information here (from many sources) and I look forward to finding out what this site has to offer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Instructional Design: On the road to learning - </span><a href="http://road-to-learning.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://road-to-learning.blogspot.com/</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The last blog article posted is dated 29 Jan 2011; however, the person who created this blog appears to have a lot of good information to share about ID.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most recent blog post is titled “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The New Age Instructional Designer” and is a really good read. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Rapid E-Learning Blog - </span><a href="http://www.articulate.com/rapid-elearning/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.articulate.com/rapid-elearning/</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I like this blog because it provides some great information on E-Learning, which is definitely one of my interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It provides information on the basics of E-learning (Rapid E-Learning 101) as well as tips on instructional design, managing E-Learning projects, and video and graphic presentation tips.</span></div>DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087062302879778963.post-51374878575777067482011-05-08T22:04:00.000-07:002011-05-08T22:04:17.056-07:00Welcome!Welcome Walden University classmates! Like many others in this class, this is my very first blog. I am actually very excited about this project as I have always wanted to try my hand at "blogging," but I have never found the time. I look forward to reading everyone's feedback.DV808http://www.blogger.com/profile/11423530987538881176noreply@blogger.com0